What is Leukopheresis?
Leukopheresis, also known as leukapheresis, is a medical procedure that involves the selective removal of white blood cells (leukocytes) from a patient's blood. Similar to other forms of apheresis, leukopheresis uses a specialized machine to separate blood components, allowing for the isolation and collection of white blood cells while returning the rest of the blood components to the patient's circulation. Leukopheresis is typically performed to reduce the number of circulating leukocytes in patients with conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, or other disorders characterized by abnormally high white blood cell counts.
What Happens During Leukapheresis?
During leukopheresis, the patient is connected to a leukapheresis machine, which is a specialized device used to separate blood components. The procedure begins with the insertion of one or more intravenous lines, typically in the arm or another suitable vein, to allow blood to be drawn from the patient's body.
The patient's blood is then passed through the leukapheresis machine, where it undergoes centrifugation or filtration to separate the different blood components. The machine selectively removes white blood cells from the blood while returning the remaining blood components — including red blood cells, platelets, and plasma — back to the patient's circulation.
How to Prepare for Leukapheresis?
Preparation for leukapheresis entails several important steps. Initially, patients undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation, including a physical examination, review of medical history, and laboratory tests to assess overall health status and suitability for the procedure.
Adequate hydration is emphasized, with patients often instructed to drink plenty of fluids before the procedure to ensure sufficient blood flow during leukapheresis. Medications may need to be adjusted or temporarily discontinued before the procedure. Patients should closely follow their healthcare provider's instructions and address any concerns they may have in advance.